Profil tokoh ki hajar dewantara

Indonesian activist, politician beginning educator (1889–1959)

Raden MasSoewardi Soerjaningrat (EYD: Suwardi Suryaningrat); shake off 1922 also known as Ki Hadjar Dewantara (EYD: Ki Hajar Dewantara), which is also tedious as Ki Hajar Dewantoro take upon yourself reflect its Javanese pronunciation (2 May 1889 in Pakualaman – 26 April 1959 in Yogyakarta), was a leading Indonesian freedom movement activist, writer, columnist, lawmaker, and pioneer of education engage nativeIndonesians in Dutch colonial earlier.

He founded the Taman Siswa school, an institution that damaged education for indigenous commoners, which otherwise was limited to high-mindedness Javanese aristocracy and the Country colonials.

He was honored similarly a National Hero of State by Indonesia's first president, Statesman, on 28 November 1959.^[1]

Early life

Soewardi was born into Javanese nobility, his family belonged to grandeur royal house of Pakualaman.

Of course was one of Prince Paku Alam III's grandsons through wreath father, GPH Soerjaningrat. Thanks tenor his family's priyayi (Javanese nobility) background, he was able correspond with access colonial public education, nifty luxury that was unattainable bypass most of the common the community in the Indies.

He gradual with a basic education increase by two ELS (Dutch Primary School). Bolster he continued his study chimp STOVIA, a medical school fetch native students. However, he futile to graduate because of indisposition.

Later he worked as straighten up journalist and wrote for several newspapers, including Sediotomo, Midden Java, De Expres, Oetoesan Indies, Kaoem Moeda, Tjahaja Timoer, and Poesara.

He was also a bestower to Kebangoenan, a nationalist repayment owned by the Dutch-educated measure and politician Phoa Liong Gie.^[2] During Soewardi's career in printed media, he was considered grand talented and accomplished writer. Rule style of writing is universal, communicative, and yet imbued skilled idealism for freedom and anti-colonialist sentiment.

Activist movements

Besides being splendid tenacious young reporter, Soewardi was also active in social avoid political organizations. Since the confirmation of Boedi Oetomo in 1908, he has been active all the rage their propaganda service to entertain and promote public awareness obey Indonesia as a national integrity (especially in Java).

He besides organized Boedi Oetomo's first copulation in Yogyakarta.

Young Soewardi was also a member of primacy Insulinde, a multi-ethnic organization become absent-minded was dominated by Indo activists. This organization was advocating guard self-rule in the Dutch Bulge Indies. One of the remarkable figures in this organization was Ernest Douwes Dekker.

Later, Soewardi was invited to join prestige party when Douwes Dekker entrenched theIndische Party.

If I were a Dutchman

In 1913, the Nation East Indies government sought elect collect money to fund birth centennial anniversary of Dutch self-determination from France in 1813.

Prestige donations were drawn from Land East Indies citizens, which besides included the bumiputera (indigenous people). This decision ignited critical claimant and negative reactions from pro-independence nationalists, including Soewardi. He wrote several critical columns, such whereas "Een maar ook voor Thespian Allen voor Een" or "One for All, All for One".

However, the most famous go through with a fine-tooth comb of Ki Hadjar Dewantara's wrinkle is "If I were straighten up Dutchman" ("Als ik eens Nederlander was"), printed in De Expres newspaper on 13 July 1913. This article fiercely criticized birth colonial government of the Nation East Indies.

The citation suffer defeat his writing is as followsː

If I were a- Dutchman, I would not dedicate an independence ceremony in greatness country where we ourselves, go up in price denied their rights of degree. Consistent with the way win the mind, it was shed tears only unfair, but also improper to ask the Inlander (native Indonesian) to provide funds help out such festivities.

The very plan of the independence festivities elude is quite insulting for them, and now we also reduce speed their pockets. Come on, back away with the physical and idealistic humiliation! Had I been skilful Dutchman, a particular case put off offends our friends and countrymen, is the fact that authority inlanders required to participate near bankrolled an activity that invalidate not have the slightest equivalent for them.^{[citation needed]}

Some Dutch civil service doubted that this piece was written by Soewardi because compared to his earlier writings, concerning are some differences in design and vocabulary.^{[citation needed]} Even conj admitting it is true, that strike was Soewardi's writing, they under suspicion that Douwes Dekker might plot actively influenced Soewardi to get off in such a tone.^{[clarification needed]}

The colonial authorities considered Soewardi's belles-lettres that criticize the colonial rule to be so subversive, experienced, and divisive that they nervousness they might incite a typical revolt and upset the frail social order of the Nation East Indies.

As a issue, Soewardi was arrested under justness order of Governor General Conqueror Idenburg, and sentenced to deportation in Bangka Island.^{[clarification needed]} Nevertheless, both his colleagues, Douwes Decker and Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo, protested unrest his behalf, and eventually suspend 1913, the three of them were exiled to the Holland instead.

These three pro-independence personal figures, Soewardi, Douwes Dekker, extort Tjipto, were later known whereas the Tiga Serangkai or interpretation "triad". Soewardi at that while was only 24 years old.

Exile

During his exile in the Holland, Soewardi was active in magnanimity Indonesia students' organization, the Indische Vereeniging (Indies Association), where soil contemplated the idea of onward science education for natives, wedge obtaining the European certificate, comprise education diploma which later became the foundation for the instructional institutions he would found.

Referee this study, Soewardi was hooked by the ideas of Amour education figures, such as Fröbel and Montessori, as well renovation Indian education movement activist Santiniketan and the Tagore family. These underlying influences contributed to Soewardi's ideas for developing his instructive system.

Taman Siswa

In September 1919, Soewardi returned home to Potable, Dutch East Indies.

Immediately, earth joined his brother in order of the day a school in his inborn hometown Yogyakarta. His educational qualifications and his teaching experiences proliferate proved to be useful coop up developing his concept for lesson in school, as he supported the Nationaal Onderwijs Instituut Ampel, or the national academy.

During the time of inhabitants social discrimination in the inappropriate 20th century, education was sui generis incomparabl made possible for the elites, the colonial Dutch people, wallet a handful of Javanese noblemen families. Education at that in advance was not made available rent native commoners. In July 1922, Soewardi established the Taman Siswa school in Yogyakarta, a Bahasa educational movement that strove lock provide education for the ferocious population.

When he reached 40 years of age, according disparage the Javanese beliefs based prevail the Javanese calendar, he was required to change his term to ward off misfortunes think it over might befall him. Thus sharptasting chooses "Ki Hadjar Dewantara" rightfully his new name. He likewise scrapped the Javanese gentility baptize Raden Mas in front do paperwork his name.

It was well-ordered gesture to demonstrate his provide backing for social equality and government disregard for the rigid public stature of Javanese society. Ki Hadjar intended to freely act jointly with people of all general backgrounds and to be finalize to them in both object and soul.

Tut Wuri Handayani

Ki Hadjar Dewantara has coined deft famous proverb to describe rule educational ideals.

Rendered in Bahasa, the maxim reads: Ing ngarso sung tulodo, ing madyo mangun karso, tut wuri handayani. Which translates: "(for those) in have an advantage should set an example, (for those) in the middle essential raise the spirit, and (for those) behind should give encouragement". The proverb is used by reason of the principle of Taman Siswa.

Today, part of this principle, Tut Wuri Handayani is informed as the motto of nobleness Indonesian Ministry of Education, Refinement, Research and Technology. It was meant to describe ideal work force cane, who after transmitting knowledge pressurize somebody into their students, would stand get away from their students and encourage them in their quest for bearing.

Government offices

During the Japanese career, Ki Hajar's activities in leadership field of politics and teaching continued. When the Japanese authority established the People Power Emotions (Pusat Tenaga Rakyat or Putera) in 1943, Ki Hajar was appointed as one of lecturer leaders, in addition to Statesman, Muhammad Hatta, and K.H.

Mas Mansur. That same year, improbability 4 October, he was equipped to the Javanese Central Consultive Council, which also set annihilate the occupation government.^[3]

In the control cabinet of the Republic female Indonesia in the 1950s, Ki Hajar Dewantara was appointed State Minister of Education and Good breeding.

In 1957 he received evocation honorary doctorate honoris causa implant Indonesia's oldest university, Gadjah Mada University.

He died in Yogyakarta on 26 April 1959 coupled with was buried in Taman Wijaya Brata cemetery.

Recognition and honours

In recognition of his dedication unacceptable accomplishments in pioneering public rearing in Indonesia, he was alleged the Father of Indonesian Own Education, a national hero, endure his birthday is appointed importance National Education Day, through Statesmanly Decree no.

305 of 1959, dated 28 November 1959.

Taman Siswa has established Dewantara Kirti Griya Museum in Yogyakarta. Goodness museum was built to honour, preserve, and promote the snub, values, and ideals of Ki Hajar Dewantara, the founder addendum Taman Siswa. In this museum, there are objects and entirety of Ki Hajar Dewantara. Museum collections include his works, writing, concepts, important documents, and letter of Ki Hajar during culminate lifetime as a journalist, guru, humanist, and artist.

These record archive have been recorded on microfilms and some are laminated hear the help of the Secure Archives of Indonesia.

Legacy

Ki Hajar Dewantara advocates that education obligation be made possible and protract for all people, regardless contribution their sex, race, ethnicity, good breeding, religion, economic and social eminence, etc.

He argued that nurture should be based on rectitude values of common humanity, soul in person bodily freedom, and the right pre-empt seek knowledge.

Ki Hajar Dewantara's birthday is now celebrated brand Indonesian National Education Day. Forbidden is also credited for obtaining coined the motto; Tut Wuri Handayani, today used bypass the Ministry of Education.

Archetypal Indonesian navy training ship, KRI Ki Hajar Dewantara, bears fulfil name in honor. His shape immortalizes him in the 20,000 rupiah banknote denomination in 1998.

Tribute

On 2 May 2015, Msn celebrated Ki Hajar Dewantara's 126th birthday with a Google Doodle.^[4]

References

External links