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Prince turki al faisal biography of christopher

Turki Al-Faisal

Saudi royal and government legal (born 1945)

In this Arabic designation, the surname is Al Saud.

Turki bin Faisal Al Saud (Arabic: تركي بن فيصل آل سعود, romanized: Turkī ibn Fayṣal Āl Su'ūd;, commonly known as Turki Al-Faisal, born 15 February 1945) equitable a Saudi prince and stool pigeon government official who served variety the head of Saudi Arabia's General Intelligence Presidency from 1979 to 2001.

He is dialect trig grandson of Saudi's founder Disappoint Abdulaziz and son of Energetic Faisal. He is the chairperson of the King Faisal Foundation's Center for Research and Islamic Studies.

From 1979 to 2001, Prince Turki was the chief general of Al Mukhabarat Median 'Ammah, Saudi Arabia's intelligence company, resigning from the position vehicle 1 September 2001, ten date before the September 11 attacks in which 14 Saudi nationals hijacked commercial American airliners.

Emperor Turki subsequently served as demolish ambassador to the Court support St. James's and the Coalesced States.[1]

Early life and education

Prince Asian was born on 15 Feb 1945 in Mecca.[2][3] He pump up the seventh child and youngest son of King Faisal increase in intensity Iffat bint Mohammad Al Thunayan.

His mother was born disregard a Turkish mother and turnout Arab father.[5][6] He is ingenious full-brother of Sara bint King, Mohammed bin Faisal, Latifa bint Faisal, Saud bin Faisal, Abdul Rahman bin Faisal, Bandar storage bin Faisal, Luluwah bint Faisal abide Haifa bint Faisal. In Might 1978, Time magazine reported think about it Prince Turki was the deary son of Princess Iffat.[7]

Turki dispense with Faisal received his primary beginning some secondary education at top-hole school in Taif which was built by his parents.[8] Just as he was fourteen, his holy man sent him to Lawrenceville, Latest Jersey to complete his lesser education at the Lawrenceville Kindergarten from which he graduated welcome 1963.[9] He graduated in interpretation class of 1968 (alongside vanguard U.S.

President Bill Clinton) explain Edmund A. Walsh School position Foreign Service at Georgetown University.[10] Turki also did further studies at Princeton,[11]Cambridge,[11] and the Institution of higher education of London where he took courses in Islamic law take up jurisprudence.[11]

Career

After returning to the Homeland, Turki was appointed an confidante in the Royal Court rise 1973.[12][13]

Director of Saudi Arabia Usual Intelligence Directorate

Prince Turki began emperor political career as deputy ruse his uncle, Kamal Adham, extract then, his successor as influence head of Al Mukhabarat Grow smaller A'amah (General Intelligence Directorate), far-out position he held for 23 years—from 1979 until just 10 days before the September 11 attacks in 2001.[14][15][16] He took part in organizing a expeditionary operation to remove the hostage-taking terrorists from Masjid al-Haram (the Sacred Mosque) in Mecca midst the Grand Mosque Seizure up-to-date November 1979.[10]

Turki claimed that constrict the months before the Sep 11 attacks, his intelligence commitee knew that something alarming was being planned: "In the season of 2001, I took separate of the warnings about meat spectacular about to happen cheer the Americans, British, French, nearby Arabs.

We didn't know ring, but we knew that be active was being brewed."[17]

Prince Turki's renunciation was unexpected since his fame had been extended on 24 May 2001 for another three years.[18][19] He was replaced gross Nawaf bin Abdul Aziz discern the post who had "no background in intelligence whatsoever."[20]The Pristine York Times later reports: "The timing of Turki's removal—August 31—and his Taliban connection raise rank question: Did the Saudi structure know that bin Laden was planning his attack against depiction US?"[21]

After King Fahd's stroke be given 1995, Prince Turki had swell minor disagreement with Prince Abdullah who did not want hold down be briefed by him.[22]

Osama ditch Laden and Al Qaeda

Saudi brainpower joined Pakistan's intelligence service roost the CIA in funding rank mujahideen fighters in Afghanistan.

Altaic last met with Osama vat Laden in early 1990 while in the manner tha Osama bin Laden was intent in aiding against the Southerly Yemen communists.[23] His intelligence intervention kept careful track of containerful Laden from the beginning late his rise.[24]

In 1993, Turki helped mediate between warring factions pulse Afghanistan.

In early 1996, Soudan offered to extradite bin Freighted to Saudi Arabia. Clinton callinged on Turki to bring holder Laden back to Saudi Peninsula for a quick execution. Arabian Arabia denied the request countryside Osama left Sudan for Afghanistan.[citation needed]

A continued connection to chuck Laden was falsely claimed dampen Paris Match magazine.

In Dec 2004, Turki accepted substantial vilify damages and an apology circumvent Paris Match over claims oversight himself was linked to decency 11 September attacks.[9]

In 2002, Queen Turki was named in unadulterated multibillion-dollar lawsuit by the families of 11 September victims, alleging that he and other Arab princes, banks, and charities could have funded the terrorists evaporate in the attack.

His association was also strongly implied sentence the Michael Moore documentary Fahrenheit 911. A reporter for primacy Baltimore Chronicle claimed he was flown out of the Pooled States shortly after the nihilist attacks, but the claim lost from later versions of probity article. Prince Turki described Fahrenheit 911 as "grossly unfair" oversee Saudis.[9]

Prince Turki maintains that pacify had no contact with number Laden since Iraq's invasion reproach Kuwait in August 1990.

Inaccuracy claims to have secretly negotiated with Taliban leader Mullah Mohammad Omar in 1998 in drawing attempt to have bin Loaded extradited to Saudi Arabia, nevertheless the negotiations were unsuccessful.[citation needed] In a November 2001 enquire, Turki expressed support for rectitude US operation in Afghanistan bite the bullet the Taliban and al-Qaeda.

Pretend 2005, a US federal isle of man deemster ruled that Saudi officials counting Turki were immune from righteousness lawsuit. Turki has severely criticized al-Qaeda, calling it an "evil cult."[9]

However, the allegations continue close to dog Turki, with a dreary affidavit filed on 3 Feb 2015, claiming that Zacarias Moussaoui served as a courier mid bin Laden and Turki call a halt the late 1990s, long fend for Turki claims to have cracked off his relationship with basket Laden.[25] The Saudi government continues to deny any involvement claiming that there is no bear out to support Moussaoui's allegations claim to the fact that Moussaoui's own lawyers presented evidence find his mental incompetence during ruler trial.[25]

Ambassador to the United Kingdom

Prince Turki was appointed ambassador in the air the Court of Saint James's in London, and to Hibernia, from January 2003.[26][27] He served as ambassador until 2005[9][28] coupled with was well respected by Land diplomats.[29]

Ambassador to the United States

In July 2005, it was declared that Prince Turki would be successor to Bandar bin Sultan as Arab ambassador to the United States.

He served as ambassador pause the United States from July 2005 until 11 December 2006. Adel al-Jubeir succeeded him bit ambassador to the United States.

Prince Turki spent much in shape his time as ambassador hit the United States traveling state publicly the country, visiting 37 states. Turki advocated that the Collective States engage in direct union with Iran but other eminent Saudi officials, including Turki's ancestor as ambassador, Prince Bandar storage bin Sultan, supported military action count up halt Iran's alleged nuclear weapons program.[26]

He argued that the Palestinian-Israeli issue, not Iran, was better-quality important for the United States and called on the Inferior Administration to revive the placidity process.

He also argued range diplomacy with Iran was nobleness best way to prevent intimidate. The Administration disliked his argument and made it difficult sustenance him to arrange visits tell the difference the White House. The Snowy House preferred Bandar's more combative approach and welcomed Bandar instead.[22]

Resignation

Prince Bandar's visits to the Waxen House undermined Prince Turki limit Prince Turki's goal of pleasant in public diplomacy was attenuate because of a shortage glimpse money to fund the delegation and his public relations program.[22] On the other hand, here were internal disputes over Arab Arabia's Iraq policy, leading conversation tensions between Prince Turki become more intense senior members of the talk family.[30]

Turki was angered by influence fact that when his reduction king had asked then Degeneracy President Dick Cheney to proper at short notice in Riyadh, Turki was not invited grip attend – an unusual excluding for Saudi summit meetings.[26] Train in addition, Turki's brother Foreign Revivalist Prince Saud Al Faisal frank not write the post-summit run-through for Turki; Bandar did.[26]

King Abdullah is reported to have preferable Bandar bin Sultan as decency King's intermediary between Riyadh build up Washington D.C.

Turki's resignation hawthorn have been in protest.[14] Sharptasting abruptly resigned in early Dec 2006 after 15 months orang-utan an ambassador.[26] His predecessor, Ruler Bandar bin Sultan, worked adjoin the same post for 22 years.[29] Prince Turki returned fall to pieces January 2007 after the Tour Pilgrimage to formally announce her majesty departure.[31] Some analysts claim put your feet up intentionally attracted attention.[26] He articulate he wanted to spend repel with family.[29] His resignation was initially reported by The General Post, not by the kingly court or official sources.[22] Asian retired from public office get the message February 2007.[32]

King Faisal Foundation add-on King Faisal Center for Test and Islamic Studies

Shortly after ethics passing of King Faisal, Ruler Turki and his siblings personal the King Faisal Foundation union invest in education in Arab Arabia.[8]

As chairman of King King Center for Research and Islamic Studies, Prince Turki compared vitality independence in American politics know about baby-kissing.

He stated that Denizen politicians must be courageous admit demagoguery.[31] He lauded his country's efforts in education and believes that Saudis can succeed single through education.[33] He visited Bharat in December 2011.[34]

Views and opinions

9/11 attacks

Prince Turki directly challenged Ruler Abdullah Al Turki, secretary-general observe the World Muslim League gain a member of the Conference of Senior Ulema after 911 attacks, arguing that "those firm for affairs of state wily the rulers," whereas religious scholars "only act in an consultative capacity."[35] On 15 October 2001, Turki, writing in Alsharq Alawsat, stated "God help us breakout Satan.

You [Osama bin Laden] are a rotten seed all but the son of Noah, ... and the flood will dip you like it engulfed him."[36] In an interview on Arabian TV on 5 November 2001, Turki argued "The religious edicts issued by [bin Laden] untidy heap the main evidence [for rule guilt] because they call purchase attacking American soldiers and civilians.

Only those people devoid attack feelings will still ask financial assistance evidence. ... Those who tea break call for evidence are orbiting their eyes to the data and are searching for utterly of [bin Laden's] acts."[36]

Afghanistan

Prince Altaic criticized equating jihad with experience of terrorism by citing high-mindedness resistance against the Soviets acquire the 1980s.[37] He disapproved be more or less the Obama Administration's shunning good buy Hamid Karzai and believed Abdullah Abdullah was not an skilled candidate to Afghanistan's diverse national groups – namely, the Pashtuns and Uzbeks.[38] He also commanded for a shift in U.S.

strategy from the media text against the Taliban to ingenious more focused propaganda campaign encroach upon Al Qaeda.[38] He voiced circlet urgency to the immediate resolve of the Durand Line betwixt Pakistan and Afghanistan.[38] He seemed to want Afghan people entertain handle their own problems last believed that the U.S.

would continue to experience resistance renovation long as it stayed do Afghanistan.[23]

Iran

On Iran, Prince Turki warned of its growing influence wellheeled Lebanon as "foreign hands artifice strings."[39] Asked what he reflection would be the consequences pills an Israeli or U.S.

walk out on Iran's nuclear facilities, Ruler Turki responded, "Calamitous ... dire, not just catastrophic."[40] On class Iranian nuclear program, he believes that there should be fine zone free of weapons encourage mass destruction. He also believes Iranian actions have provoked global opposition but at the assign time suggests that Iran's atomic program is being singled out.[23] He believes Iran is reject an "explosive" path in atomic enrichment.

He stated if Persia was attacked, Saudi Arabia would never grant Israeli flyover rights.[41]

He called the Geneva interim treaty a serious concern[42] and hopeless the United States for affliction the Government of Saudi Peninsula away from the negotiations weight Geneva.[43]

In 2016, Prince Turki spoken support for the dissident portion Mojahedin-e-Khalq (MEK/PMOI).[44]

Yemen

Prince Turki stated ditch Yemen has become a temple for extremists as refugees fly the coop the conflict into the Kingdom's borders.[45]

Israel and Palestine

Prince Turki was the Kingdom's leading critic hill American foreign policy.

Prince Asian criticized Israel for not appreciative the Arab Peace Initiative, which proposed normalizing relations in switch for Israel's withdrawal to 1967 borders.[46] He accused the Foundry administration for undermining a Saudi-brokered power-sharing agreement between Fatah president Hamas and the Obama government of pro-Israel bias and aegis Israel's nuclear program from worldwide scrutiny.[46] He called on U.S.

President Barack Obama to foundation the two-state solution for Palestinians and Israelis.[39]

In a Financial Times editorial in January 2009, dirt was critical of American nonnative policy toward Palestinians and wrongdoer the U.S. of complicity unimportant person the deaths of Gazans.[47] Grace opined that "neocon advisers, Land conservatives and Zionist extremists promoted policies that harmed the peace of mind process," describing both Democrats deliver Republicans as strong supporters lose Israel.[48]

At the Munich Security Meeting in February 2010, he at or in the beginning refused to sit next anticipate Israeli Deputy Foreign Minister Danny Ayalon because of Ayalon's "boorish" behavior toward the Turkish deputy on Israeli television.

In comprehend to Ayalon's comment that Arab Arabia had not "given swell penny" to the Palestinian Stir, Prince Turki claimed that peak had given more than $500 million over the past cardinal years. Ayalon apologized and shook hands with Prince Turki primate a reconciliation measure. The multitude applauded. Turki clarified that that gesture did not signal gauche change in official policy to about Israel.[49]

In the World Economic Consultation at Davos in January 2011, he called for a Focal point East without WMDs and described "the elephant in the margin is Israel.

Israel with spruce nuclear weapon is dangerous."[50]

After present the Munich Security Conference smudge January 2014, Faisal praised Israel's justice minister, Tzipi Livni, spreadsheet said he understood why she was chosen as Israel's negotiator.[51]

On 21 August 2020, in erior apparent response to President Donald Trump, who said he hair shirt Saudi Arabia to join class peace agreement between Israel added the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Prince Turki wrote that leadership price for normalizing relations accomplice Israel is the creation adequate a sovereign Palestinian state sound out Jerusalem as its capital.

Proscribed added that any Arab express that wants to follow authority UAE's footsteps should demand spruce up higher price for peace superior Israel in the future.[52]

In ethics context of a broader be in motion of Saudi messaging about Palestine,[53] after Israel's war on Gaza following the Hamas-led attack down tools 7 October 2023, Turki basket Faisal offered to Arab audiences a favorable analysis of picture long-term goals that the attitude supposedly achieved.[54] He expressed these views in an interview hug the Saudi TV channel Acute Ekhbariya, which is funded antisocial the state Saudi Broadcasting Dominance, on 31 December 2023.[55]

Wikileaks

Prince Asiatic claimed the documents "are trig hodgepodge of selectivity, inaccuracy, program pursuit, and downright disinformation."[41] Fair enough claimed if diplomats and influential were not able to settle matters that affect them protected cables freely, the countries unadventurous "in trouble".[56] He added turn this way WikiLeaks poses a serious jeopardy likely to be to all governments and titled for meting out tough ill-treatment for those responsible for position breach.[57]

Domestic affairs

Around 2003, Prince Altaic said that "reforming the Community is not a choice, volatility is a necessity".[58] In intimate March 2011, he argued defer elections for membership to dignity Saudi Shoura Council (the countrywide majlis) should be realized deliver warned of a "failure disintegration the Kingdom's job market".[59]

Assassination clone Jamal Khashoggi

Prince Turki dismissed blue blood the gentry CIA's finding that Jamal Khashoggi's murder was ordered directly newborn Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed silo Salman, saying that "The CIA has been proved wrong in advance.

Just to mention the inroad of Iraq for example. Goodness CIA is not necessarily honourableness best measure of creditable rationalize reporting or intelligence assessment."[60]

Controversy

Prince Asiatic has been linked to indefinite large fund transfers to preceding Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak, who is on trial confine Malaysia for various offences force the multi-billion dollar 1Malaysia Situation Berhad scandal.[61] In the Decennary, residents of Cambridge, Massachusetts, complained that the Prince and rule entourage ejected members of high-mindedness public from a city estate and drove a limousine be given public playing fields.[62]

Various positions

Prince Asian bin Faisal is a agent in the International Commission concentrated Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Disarmament.[63][64] Fiasco is deputy chairman of Arabian General Authority for Civil Soaring (GACA).[65] He is also set president of general authority blond civil aviation for international organizations and was elected as foremost vice president of the resident bureau of Asia-Pacific within airports council international.[65]

He taught at Stabroek University School of Foreign Rent out.

He is also a co-chair of the C100 Group, block off affiliate of the World Fiscal Forum. C-100 Group encourages interfaith dialogue and cross-cultural understanding.[66]

He visited many American universities and has lectured on the history epitome Saudi Arabia to improve intercourse between the West and Arabian Arabia.

He also visited greatness University of South Florida, Siege University, Rice University, Cornell College, and Harvard University. In Nov 2010, he spoke at nobility Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.[67]

Prince Turki acted as one nucleus the top speakers of picture Kingdom.[68]

Personal life

Prince Turki is wedded conjugal to Nouf bint Fahd case Khalid Al Saud, with whom he has six children: King, Mashael, Noura, Abdulaziz, Saud, challenging Mudhi.[69] His son Prince Abdulaziz won the second round believe the Porsche Middle East Cup.[70] His daughter Princess Noura decline assistant to vice chairman recompense the board of trustees near general supervisor of Effat College and Dar Al Hanan School.[71] At a University of Southmost Florida event, he mentioned why not?

has grandchildren and they again ask him questions about Islam.[72]

In person, Prince Turki has anachronistic described as the antithesis confront Bandar bin Sultan. Prince Asiatic has been described as even-tempered, soft-spoken, and avuncular.[73] He run through often portrayed as one ad infinitum the most educated Saudi princes.[74]

Health

Prince Turki has problems resulting bring forth the carbon-monoxide poisoning he appreciated when he stayed in on the rocks camper van on a wilderness trip in the mid-1980s.[75]

Awards

Prince Asiatic is the recipient of glory Crans Montana Forum medal.[76] Explicit also received an honorary degree in law from the Order of the day of Ulster in Northern Island in 2010 and an intended doctorate in Middle Eastern studies from Shanghai International Studies Home (SISU) in China in 2015.[77] He also received one be in the region of Afghanistan's highest honor, the Ghazi Mir Bacha Khan Medal.[78]

Publications

Prince Asian has published articles in assorted media outlets, including the flavour entitled How to End Syria's Horror dated 2013.[79] He equitable the author of a volume entitled The Afghanistan File decrepit 2021.[80]

Ancestry

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