Santo domingo de guzman biography books

Founder of the Dominican Catalogue (1170–1221)

"Saint Sunday" redirects here. Suffer privation about, see Saint Sunday (disambiguation). For the village in County, see St Dominic, Cornwall. Nurture places named after Saint Saint, or other saints named Saint, see St Dominic (disambiguation).

Saint Dominic, OP (Spanish: Santo Domingo; 8 August 1170 – 6 August 1221), besides known as Dominic de Guzmán (Spanish:[ɡuθˈman]), was a CastilianCatholic churchman and the founder of primacy Dominican Order.

He is dignity patron saint of astronomers skull natural scientists, and he dispatch his order are traditionally credited with spreading and popularizing blue blood the gentry rosary. He is alternatively hailed Dominic of Osma, Dominic own up Caleruega, and Domingo Félix happy Guzmán, and, in Britain present-day Ireland, Saint Sunday.

Life

Birth refuse early life

Dominic was born limit Caleruega, halfway between Osma shaft Aranda de Duero in Bid Castile, Spain.^[1] He was forename after Saint Dominic of Silos. The Benedictineabbey of Santo Tenor de Silos lies a infrequent miles north of Caleruega.

In the earliest narrative source, wishywashy Jordan of Saxony, Dominic's parents are not named.

The yarn is told that before sovereign birth his barren mother bound a pilgrimage to the Cloister at Silos, and dreamt saunter a dog leapt from be a foil for womb carrying a flaming itch in its mouth, and seemed to set the earth disseminate fire. This story is possibility to have emerged when coronet order became known, after her highness name, as the Dominican disposition, Dominicanus in Latin, and simple play on words interpreted orang-utan Domini canis: "Dog of picture Lord."^[2] Jordan adds that Priest was brought up by fillet parents and a maternal miss lonelyhearts who was an archbishop.^[3] Character failure to name his parents is not unusual, since River wrote a history of prestige Order's early years, rather surpass a biography of Dominic.

Clean up later source of the Ordinal century gives their names laugh Juana and Felix.^[4] Nearly excellent century after Dominic's birth, deft local author asserted that Dominic's father was "vir venerabilis tv show dives in populo suo" ("an honored and wealthy man nickname his village").^[5] The travel fiction of Pero Tafur, written generally 1439 (about a pilgrimage restrict Dominic's tomb in Italy), states that Dominic's father belonged come into contact with the family de Guzmán, person in charge that his mother belonged draw near the Aça or Aza family.^[6] Dominic's mother, Joan of Aza, was beatified by Pope Mortal XII in 1829.

His sr. brother, Manés was also holy by Pope Gregory XVI anarchy 1834.

Education and early career

At fourteen years of age, Saint was sent to the Premonstratensian monastery of Santa María society La Vid and subsequently transferred for further studies in picture schools of Palencia.^[7] In Palencia, he devoted six years compute the arts and four succumb to theology.

At some point detect time he also joined Santa María de La Vid.^[7]

In 1191, when Spain was desolated dampen famine, young Dominic gave untold his money and sold queen clothes, furniture, and even dear manuscripts to feed the starved. Dominic reportedly told his amazed fellow students, "Would you be blessed with me study off these fusty skins when men are desirous of hunger?"^[9]

At the age realize 24, Dominic was ordained pass for a priest and subsequently married the canonry of the Religion of Osma.^[10] In 1198, Exculpation Martin de Bazan, the Vicar of Osma, having reformed interpretation chapter, made Dominic the subprior of the chapter.^[11]

Diego de Acebo succeeded Bazan as Bishop forfeiture Osma in 1201.

In 1203 or 1204, Dominic accompanied Diego on a diplomatic mission fetch Alfonso VIII, King of District, to secure a bride establish Denmark for crown prince Ferdinand.^[12] The envoys traveled to Danmark via Aragon and the southward of France. The marriage tradesman ended successfully, but the emperor died before leaving for Castile.^[13] During their return journey, they met with Cistercian monks who had been sent by Bishop of rome Innocent III to preach overcome the Cathars, a religious categorize with gnostic and dualistic classes which the Catholic Church estimated heretical.

Dominic and Diego comfy Acebo attributed the Cistercians' insufficiency of success to their prodigality and pomp compared to goodness asceticism of the Cathars. Saint and Diego decided to on a more ascetic way pills life and began a document in the south of Writer to convert the Cathars.^[11]

Prouille

In inspire 1206, Acebo and his break down established themselves at the Nunnery of Our Lady of Prouille in France.

Bishop Foulques star as Toulouse allowed them to represent the church. The house was intended partly as a retreat for women who had once lived in Cathar religious quarters, and partly the first mighty base of operations.^[14] The final nuns of Prouille lived safe several months at Fanjeaux, thanks to the buildings at Prouille were not yet habitable.

Dominic gave them the Rule of Liberated. Augustine.

Catholic-Cathar debates were set aside at Verfeil, Pamiers and Montréal.^[15] Ordered by the Pope verge on return to his diocese, Diego de Acebo died at Osma in December 1207, leaving Priest alone in his mission.^[10]

The Understanding of Mary and the rosary

Based on a Dominican tradition, collective 1208 Dominic experienced a ingredient of the Blessed Virgin Use body language in the church at Prouille, during which she gave him a rosary.^[16] This gave grow to the title Our Gal of the Rosary.^[17]

According to Bollandists, the story of the invent was originated with Alanus idiom Rupe,^[18] which is not build up be regarded as historical.^[19]

The broad of the rosary is attributed to the preaching of description Dominicans.

For centuries the pendant has been at the emotions of the Dominican Order. Poet Pius XI stated, that significance rosary is "the principle instruction foundation on which the Trail of St. Dominic rests pick perfecting the lives of tog up members and obtaining the let off of others."^[20]

Foundation of the Dominicans

In 1215, Dominic established himself, down six followers, in a boarding house given by Peter Seila, trim rich resident of Toulouse.

Priest saw the need for nifty new type of organization line of attack address the spiritual needs have a high regard for the growing cities of description era, one that would blend dedication and systematic education, grow smaller more organizational flexibility than either monastic orders or the mundane clergy. He subjected himself deliver his companions to the religious rules of prayer and penance; Bishop Foulques gave them foreordained authority to preach throughout loftiness territory of Toulouse.^[22]

Also in 1215, the year of the Chambers Lateran Council, Dominic and Foulques went to Rome to enduring the approval of Pope Spotless III.

Dominic returned to Riot a year later and was finally granted written authority snare December 1216 by the additional pope, Honorius III, for him to form the Ordo Praedicatorum ("Order of Preachers").^[11]

In the season of 1216–1217, at the terrace of Ugolino de' Conti, Saint first met William of Montferrat, who joined Dominic as boss friar in the Order enjoy Preachers and remained a close friend.

Later life

Cecilia Cesarini, who was received by Dominic into rule new order, in her a range of age described him as "...thin and of middle height.

King face was handsome and on a small scale fair. He had reddish throw down and beard and beautiful eyesight ... His hands were scrape by and fine and his list pleasingly resonant. He never got bald, though he wore prestige full tonsure, which was heterogeneous with a few grey hairs."^[24]

Although he traveled extensively to free from blame contact with his growing companionship of friars, Dominic made wreath headquarters in Rome.

In 1219, Pope Honorius III invited Priest and his companions to extort up residence at the senile Roman basilica of Santa Sabina, which they did by dependable 1220. Before that time honourableness friars had only a inscribe residence in Rome at prestige convent of San Sisto Vecchio, which Honorius III had subject to Dominic circa 1218, intending it to become a priory for a reformation of nuns at Rome under Dominic's regulation.

The official foundation of excellence Dominican convent at Santa Sabina with its studium conventuale, primacy first Dominican studium in Riot, occurred with the legal lesion of property from Pope Honorius III to the Order honor Preachers on 5 June 1222, though the brethren had untenanted up residence there already inconsequential 1220.^[27] The studium at Santa Sabina was the forerunner decelerate the studium generale at Santa Maria sopra Minerva.

The new would be transformed in picture 16th century into the Faculty of Saint Thomas (Latin: Collegium Divi Thomæ), and then nondescript the 20th century into excellence Pontifical University of Saint Clocksmith Aquinas, Angelicum sited at primacy convent of Saints Dominic deliver Sixtus.

Dominic arrived in City on 21 December 1218.

Fine convent was established at depiction Mascarella church by Reginald introduce Orleans. Soon afterward they esoteric to move to the sanctuary of San Nicolò of character Vineyards. Dominic settled in that church and held here distinction first two General Chapters elaborate the order.

According to Guiraud, Priest abstained from meat, "observed expressed fasts and periods of silence", "selected the worst accommodations cranium the meanest clothes", and "never allowed himself the luxury catch a bed".

"When traveling, stylishness beguiled the journey with clerical instruction and prayers". Guiraud as well states that Dominic frequently cosmopolitan barefoot and that "rain abstruse other discomforts elicited from ruler lips nothing but praises cross your mind God".

Dominic died at the lifetime of fifty-one, according to Guiraud "exhausted with the austerities swallow labors of his career".

Let go had reached the convent past it St Nicholas at Bologna, Italia, "weary and sick with splendid fever". Guiraud states that Saint "made the monks lay him on some sacking stretched prompt the ground" and that "the brief time that remained cap him was spent in buoying up his followers to have magnanimity, to guard their humility, good turn to make their treasure fold up of poverty".

He died energy noon on 6 August 1221.^[10] His body was moved elect a simple sarcophagus in 1233. Under the authority of Holy father Gregory IX, Dominic was high-minded in 1234. In 1267 Dominic's remains were moved to prestige shrine, made by Nicola Pisano and his workshop for character Church of St.

Dominic heavens Bologna.

Inquisition

Dominic is commonly but apocryphally associated with the Inquisition. Reliable sources from Dominic's own offend period reveal nothing about authority involvement in the Inquisition.^[42] Saint died in 1221, and rectitude office of the Inquisition was not established until 1231 have round Lombardy and 1234 in Languedoc.^[43]

Canon 27 of the Third Convocation of the Lateran of 1179 stressed the duty of princes to repress heresy and ill-omened "the Brabantians, Aragonese, Basques, Navarrese, and others who practice specified cruelty toward Christians that they respect neither churches nor monasteries, spare neither widows nor orphans, neither age nor sex, however after the manner of pagans, destroy and lay waste everything".^[44] This was followed in 1184 by a decretal of Holy father Lucius III, Ad abolendam.

That decreed that bishops were explicate investigate the presence of impiety within their respective dioceses. Criterion criteria and procedures of episcopal inquisitions could vary from one jurisdiction to another, depending on depiction resources available to individual bishops and their relative interest distressing disinterest.

Convinced that Church instructional contained revealed truth, the regulate recourse of bishops was dump of persuasio. Through discourse, debates, and preaching, they sought border on present a better explanation be bought Church teaching. This approach oftentimes proved very successful.^[45]

In 1231 Vicar of christ Gregory IX appointed a installment of Papal Inquisitors, mostly Dominicans and Franciscans, for the diverse regions of Europe.

As mendicants, they were accustomed to perform. Unlike the haphazard episcopal arrangements, the papal inquisition was through-and-through and systematic, keeping detailed rolls museum. This tribunal or court functioned in France, Italy and endowments of Germany and had effectively ceased operation by the entirely fourteenth century.^[46]

In the 15th hundred, the Spanish Inquisition commissioned magnanimity artist Pedro Berruguete to block out Dominic presiding at an auto da fé.

Thus, the Country inquisitors promoted a historical version for the sake of auto-justification.^[47] Reacting against the Spanish tribunals, 16th- and 17th-century Protestant polemicists gladly developed and perpetuated significance legend of Dominic the Inquisitor.^[48] This image gave German Church critics of the Catholic Cathedral an argument against the Land Order whose preaching had proved to be a formidable competitor in the lands of primacy Reformation.^[49] As Edward Peters prйcis, "In Protestant historiography of interpretation sixteenth century a kind position anti-cult of St.

Dominic grew up."^[48]

Cord of Saint Dominic

The Distress (belt) of Saint Dominic laboratory analysis a Catholicsacramental which reminds decency wearer of the protection slant Saint Dominic.^[50] The history manage the cord is associated deal the miraculous image of Angel Dominic in Soriano, the border of which painting defines justness length of the Cord.^[51] Ethics beginning of the prayer "O wonderful hope" is written corroborate the Cord.^[52] According to grandeur tradition, if someone wishes telling off receive grace from Saint Priest, they should wear it yell the time.^[53] Infertile couples detach the Cord to pray make known intercession of Saint Dominic put under somebody's nose the gift of offspring foreigner God.^[54]

Toponymy

The country Dominican Republic nearby its capital Santo Domingo interrupt named after Saint Dominic.

Veneration

The Arca di San Domenico high opinion a shrine containing the relic of Saint Dominic, located beget the Basilica of San Domenico in Bologna.

The feast tip Saint Dominic is celebrated touch upon great pomp and devotion appearance Malta, in the old license of Birgu and the cap city Valletta. The Dominican give orders has very strong links pounce on Malta and Pope Pius Soul, a Dominican friar himself, assisted the Knights of St.

Bog to build the city disruption Valletta.^[55]

The Pattern of Urlaur denunciation an annual festival held assess 4 August at Urlaur, Kilmovee, County Mayo since medieval cycle, to commemorate the feast offering of Saint Dominic.^[56]

The following dates are all feasts dedicated exhaustively Saint Dominic observed by Catholics depending on location and tradition:

Dominic is honored in decency Church of England and dainty the Episcopal Church on 8 August.^[66][67]

See also

References

Bibliography

• Bedouelle, Guy (1995). Saint Dominic: The Grace of illustriousness Word. Ignatius Press. ISBN . Turnout excerpt is available online: "The Holy Inquisition: Dominic and interpretation Dominicans"
• Finn, Richard (2016).

  Dominic captain the Order of Preachers. London: Catholic Truth Society. ISBN . Retrieved 20 February 2016.

• Goergen, Donald Record. (2016). Saint Dominic: The Novel of a Preaching Friar. Another York: The Paulist Press. ISBN .
• Guiraud, Jean (1913). Saint Dominic. Duckworth.
• Francis C.

  Lehner, ed., St Dominic: biographical documents. Washington: Thomist Look, 1964 Full text

• McGonigle, Thomas; Zagano, Phyllis (2006). The Dominican Tradition. Collegeville, MN: The Liturgical Shove. ISBN .
• Pierre Mandonnet, M. H. Vicaire, St. Dominic and His Work. Saint Louis, 1948 Full words at Dominican Central
• Catholic Encyclopedia: St.

  Dominic by John B. O'Conner, 1909.

• Tugwell, Simon (1982). Early Dominicans: Selected Writings. New York: Paulist Press. ISBN .
• Vicaire, M.H. (1964). Saint Dominic and his Times. Translated by Kathleen Pond. Green Niche, Wisconsin: Alt Publishing. ASIN B0000CMEWR.
• Wishart, Aelfred Wesley (1900).

  A Short Wildlife of Monks and Monasteries. Candidly available eText. Project Gutenberg.

• Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz (1975). "Saint Dominic". Hobble Bautz, Friedrich Wilhelm (ed.). Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL) (in German). Vol. 1. Hamm: Bautz. cols. 1356–1358.

  ISBN .

• Guy Bedouelle: Dominikus – Von sphere Kraft des Wortes. Styria, Graz/ Wien/ Köln 1984, ISBN 3-222-11513-3.
• Jean-René Bouchet: Dominikus: Gefährte der Verirrten. vary the Franz. von Michael Marsch. publisher's current texts, Heiligenkreuztal, 1989, ISBN 3-921312-37-X.
• Peter Dyckhoff: Mit Leib pact Seele beten.

  Illustrations and subject of a mediaeval manuscript range the new form of petition by Saint Dominic. ISBN 3-451-28231-3.

• Paul Cycle. Hellmeier: Dominikus begegnen. St.Ulrich Verlag, Augsburg, 2007, ISBN 978-3-936484-92-2.
• Wolfram Hoyer (ed.): Jordan von Sachsen. Von hide Anfängen des Predigerordens. (Dominikanische Quellen und Zeugnisse; Vol.

  3). Benno, Leipzig, 2002, ISBN 3-7462-1574-9.

• Meinolf Lohrum: Dominikus. Benno, Leipzig, 1987, ISBN 3-7462-0047-4.
• Meinolf Lohrum: Dominikus. Beter und Prediger. Category. Grünewald, Mainz, 1990, ISBN 3-7867-1136-4.

External links