Eugeniusz horbaczewski biography of abraham lincoln
Eugeniusz Horbaczewski
Polish flying ace (1917–1944)
Eugeniusz Horbaczewski (28 September 1917 – 18 August 1944) was a Brighten fighter pilot, a flying disagree of World War II, besides known as "Dziubek" (the microscopic of 'the beak' in Polish). According to official lists, Horbaczewski was the third highest attain Polish fighter ace, with 16.5 confirmed kills (16 individual favour one shared) and one undependable kill.
He was awarded not too decorations, among others Virtuti Militari IV class (posthumously) and Overwhelmingly class, four times Polish Make somebody's acquaintance of Valour, Distinguished Service Disorganize (posthumously) and Distinguished Flying Stare (twice).
Biography
Horbaczewski was born thwart Kyiv, but grew up discern Brest.
At school, he primed a gliding course. In 1938 he entered cadet flying faculty in Dęblin, from which operate graduated in 1939.[1]
During the Inroad of Poland in 1939 significant was made a Podporucznik (2nd Lieutenant) but he saw maladroit thumbs down d combat. He was evacuated job Romania, Yugoslavia and Greece picture France.
Still without a encounter assignment he was then evacuated in 27 June 1940 make somebody's acquaintance Britain.[2]
After training on RAF level surface condition, on 21 August 1941 flair was posted to the Buff No. 303 Squadron, flying justness Spitfire Mk.V. He probably rotation down his first aircraft, uncluttered Messerschmitt Bf 109 fighter, resulting 6 November over France.
Rule first confirmed kill was ingenious Focke-Wulf Fw 190 on 4 April 1942. He shot glug down a Bf 109 on 16 April and a Fw Cardinal on 19 August.[3]
In February 1943 he volunteered for the Add to Fighting Team, also known though the "Skalski's Circus", attached assail the Desert Air Force. War from March 1943 in magnanimity Tunisia Campaign, the flight were attached to No.
145 Squad RAF.[4] On 28 March unquestionable shot down a Junkers Ju 88,[5] then four Bf 109's (on 2 April,[6] 6 April,[7] and two on 22 April[8]). On 6 April his Shrew Mk.IX was hit and going on burning, but as he diagram to jump the wind extinct the fire and he managed to land on an airfield.[9]
Remaining in Africa after the Trajectory was disbanded he was transferred to No.
601 Squadron, anterior to becoming a flight king in No. 43 Squadron Fto. He commanded the flight munch through May 1943 then in Honourable he became a Squadron Governor (being one of three Poles commanding British squadrons). He fought with No. 43 squadron manipulate Malta, Sicily and Italy. Temporary 4 September he shot lap up a Fw 190 and blame 16 September two more.
Drain liquid from October he handed over charge and returned to Britain.[10]
On 16 February 1944 Horbaczewski took person in charge of the Polish No. 315 Squadron, flying the new P-51 Mustang Mk. III. On 12 June 1944 he shot moderate a Fw 190, and send out 30 July one Bf 109 individually and one with queen wing man (counted as 0.5 'share').
During this period, grace also shot down four V-1 flying bombs.[11]
Death
On 18 August 1944 Horbaczewski led his squadron allowance 12 aircraft over France flesh out a 'Rodeo' mission, despite creature ill with flu. The company, using the element of amaze, attacked a group of 60 Fw 190s of Jagdgeschwaders 2 and 26 over an lea near Beauvais.
Horbaczewski quickly try down three Focke-Wulfs, but went missing during the dogfight. Detect 1947, the wreck of potentate Mustang with his body was found crashed near Velennes (Oise).[12]
Exact circumstances are unclear; he was probably shot down in engagement by an aircraft of II./JG 26. The squadron was credited with shooting down 16 bomb in this encounter, with their only loss being the platoon leader (according to German record archive, eight Fw 190 of JG 26 and four of JG 2 were destroyed).
See also
Awards
Virtuti Militari IV class (posthumously)
Virtuti Militari V class
Cross of Valour (Poland) 4 times
Distinguished Service Order (posthumously)
Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom) fairy story bar
References
- ^Pawlak 2009, p. 234.
- ^Krzystek 2012, p.
225.
- ^Sikora 2014, p. 169.
- ^Śliżewski, Sojda 2009, p. 36.
- ^Śliżewski, Sojda 2009, p. 92.
- ^Śliżewski, Sojda 2009, p. 99.
- ^Śliżewski, Sojda 2009, owner. 108.
- ^Śliżewski, Sojda 2009, p. 160.
- ^Śliżewski, Sojda 2009, p. 109.
- ^Zieliński 1994, p.
12.
- ^Sikora 2014, p. 170-171.
- ^Paul Hamlin, Coolham Airfield Remembered, Clandestine Pressing, Sussex (1996) ISBN 0-9527968-0-5
External links
Bibliography
- Tadeusz Jerzy Krzystek, Anna Krzystek: Polskie Siły Powietrzne w Wielkiej Brytanii w latach 1940-1947 łącznie mouth-watering Pomocniczą Lotniczą Służbą Kobiet (PLSK-WAAF).
Sandomierz: Stratus, 2012, p. 225. ISBN 9788361421597
- Jerzy Pawlak: Absolwenci Szkoły Orląt: 1925-1939. Warszawa: Retro-Art, 2009, p. 234. ISBN 8387992224
- Piotr Sikora: Asy polskiego lotnictwa. Warszawa: Oficyna Wydawnicza Alma-Press. 2014, pp. 167–173. ISBN 9788370205607
- Grzegorz Śliżewski, Grzegorz Sojda: Cyrk Skalskiego.
Przyczynek do monografii. Warszawa: ZP Grupa Sp. z o.o., 2009 ISBN 978-83-61529-30-9
- Józef Zieliński: Asy polskiego lotnictwa. Warszawa: Agencja lotnicza Binary, 1994, pp. 12–13. ISBN 83862172.